ABSTRACT
Guanajuato state in Mexico has high frequency of confirmed cases of COVID-19. Health-care workers are the most exposed to contagion due to contact with patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. The objective was to know the seroprevalence of antibodies (IgG) anti-SARS-CoV-2 in health-care workers from Secretary of Health from Guanajuato State. It was a cross-sectional, retrolective study, using database from the ENSERO-COVID program. It was recollected data about exposure in work and in community by contact with confirmed cases of COVID-19. The anti-SARS-CoV IgG antibody titer was determined, considering 1.4 or higher as positive. It used Chi squared test to show relationship between variables, Z for two proportions to test hypotheses and logistic regression for show the effect of exposure and test positive for antibodies. 4,047 registries were reviewed, 376 (9.29%) were positive for the presence of SARSCoV-2 antibodies. There is an association between the type of work unit (type determined by hospitalizing COVID-19 patients or not) with seropositivity (P <0.05). There was no effect of performance areas to be seropositive. Community exposure had an effect on being seropositive OR = 1.44 (1.17 - 1.79). Training in the proper use of personal protective equipment had a protective effect on being seropositive with OR = 0.79 (0.64 -0.99). Exposure in the community to a confirmed case to SARS-CoV-2 is found to have a significant association with the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Training in the proper use of personal protection equipment is a protector against SARS-CoV-2 infection. There is a significant association between the type of unit and the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Given the increase in the number of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2, it is vitally important that health workers adequately protect themselves both at the community and workplace level. Copyright © 2022 Oriental Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, first detected in Wuhan, China, in 2019, had spread all over the world. It has caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Nowadays, there are effective and safe vaccines proven against this virus. The goal of this study was to verify it among health-care workers from the Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State who received the BioNTech/Pfizer vaccine. For this purpose, we designed a quantitative cross-sectional study. The database was obtained from a previous strategy program by the Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State called ENSERO-COVID. The available data consisted of two chemiluminescence measures of the IgG anti-Spike antibodies after one and six months of the BioNTech/Pfizer vaccine two doses application. The survey also included self-reported reactions to this vaccine. Frequency tables are presented for descriptive purposes. We performed the chi-square test, the z test for proportions, and the t-test for comparisons. Also, two linear regression models were fitted between the first and second chemiluminescence levels stratifying by prior infection by SARS-CoV-2. The database consisted of 177 records. Of them, 45 (25.4%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination. Only one person did not react to the two doses of vaccine application. Most of the self-reported reactions ceased in a short period -less than three days-. The differences observed, regarding chemiluminescence levels, between those with and without prior infection by SARS-CoV-2 were not statistically significant. More analyses are required to assess the long-term effects of the BioNTech/Pfizer ® vaccine.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has caused 244,830 deaths in Mexico. Evaluating the severity of this contingency is possible if the hospital fatality rate of COVID-19 is described because hospitalized patients present more severe conditions. To analyze the fatality of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. A quantitative, descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted using open database from Ministry of Health in Mexico. The analysis included 71,189 discharges from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Mexican Ministry of Health Hospitals during 2020. Of them, 27,403 were due to death, predominantly in men and age groups from 50 to 69 years. The general hospital fatality due to COVID-19 was 38.49%, a hospital fatality of 40.75% in men and 35.03% in women. The 55-to-99-year-old age groups, Baja California, Puebla, and Coahuila had a higher hospital fatality than the general fatality. Besides the deaths caused directly by COVID-19 (those that occurred due to respiratory failures), many deaths were indirect in persons with comorbidities exacerbated by this disease. Access to health services, social changes derived from job loss, home protection, and changes in social dynamics, facts expressed in the general mortality excess, cannot be quantified in our study. There are similar patterns with other persons infected worldwide: This disease is more severe for males and older age subjects.
ABSTRACT
Background : Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV 2 pandemic, there have been many reports of increased incidence of VTE (venous thromboembolism) and arterial events as a complication, which were the basis for the hypothesis that patients should receive higher doses of thromboprophylaxis (TP) or full anticoagulation. Aims : To determine the incidence of thrombotic events (TE) in patients hospitalized for moderate or severe SARS-CoV2 disease (Covid-19). Methods : Retrospective single center cohort study with adult patients with a positive rt-PCR for SARS-CoV2 , included as from the date of hospital admission due to Covid-19 and followed for 90 days or until death. Results : A total of 1621 patients were included. The mean age was 68.7 years (SD 21.1) and 57% (913) were female, of which 6.5% (59) were pregnant. Overall mortality was 21.6% (348). The overall incidence of symptomatic thrombotics events within 90 days was 1.72% (28/1621, 95%CI 1.19-2.49%), whereas the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) was 0.98% (15, 95%CI 0.60-0.16%), deep venous thrombosis (DVT) 0.74% (11, 95%CI 0.42-0.12%), ischemic stroke 0.24% (4, 95%CI 0.09-0.65%) and ischemic arterial events 0.06% (1, 95%CI 0.008-0.43%). No acute coronary syndrome events were recorded. Median hospital stay length percentage under adequate TP was 78%. The median time since positive rt-PCR for the thrombotic event to develop was 22 days (IQR 25th-75th 19-43 days). Median hospital stay length percentage under adequate thromboprophylaxis was 78% (IQR 25th-75th 50-89%). Conclusions : Unlike previous reports, the incidence of thrombotic events was low among our patients with moderate or severe Covid-19.
ABSTRACT
Due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), some social sectors were affected;one of them is girls and women, and it is feared some inequalities may worse. Objective. To analyze pneumonia, hospitalizations, and fatality among confirmed cases of COVID-19, by the state of residence, in Mexican women under 19 years. A quantitative, ecological, comparative, and retrolective study was designed. The study population was female patients under 19 years whose data was available from the Mexican open National Epidemiological Surveillance System database up to March 31, 2021. For each Mexican state and at the national level, the proportion of pneumonia, hospitalized, and Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) among confirmed cases were calculated, besides descriptive statistics. The state with the lowest proportion of pneumonia, hospitalizations, and CFR was used as the baseline group to calculate Odds Ratio (ORs) and Attributable Fraction both in exposed and the population. The linear relationship between pneumonia cases proportion and hospitalizations with CFR was tested. Test results with p-values under .05 were considered statistically significant. Data analysis was performed in STATA 13.0 ® (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA). The number of registries analyzed was 48,091. Attributable Fractions were above 0.7 for most states. Most ORs were high and statistically significant. The correlation between hospitalization proportion, pneumonia proportion, and CFR was high. High values for the Attributable Fractions and ORs were observed among states from the Mexican coastlines. Level and quality of attention vary across states, which was observed through the values of Attributable Fractions and ORs. Although women under 19 years seem to be mildly affected by COVID-19 in clinical regard, the socioeconomic effects of the pandemic in this sector must be studied and addressed. The sharing of strategies among states may benefit the attention of the COVID-19 emergency is a primary goal.
ABSTRACT
The relationship between aerosol concentration and lightning is complex. Aerosols can act as cloud condensation nuclei, contributing to the formation of cloud droplets, cloud electrification and lightning, while high concentrations of aerosols can contribute to a decrease in lightning due to radiative effects. Meteorology plays a dominant role in lightning activity, distorting the effect of aerosols. More measurements, as presented here, are needed to establish the complex relationship between aerosols and lightning. The Po Valley, a heavily industrialized region, was highly affected by the COVID-19 lockdown. The reduction of non-essential activities and mobility coincided with a significant drop in pollutant concentrations and lightning. We investigate the relationship between lightning, meteorology and aerosols. We find that the variation in lightning during the lockdown as compared to recent years cannot be fully attributed to meteorology. ~60 ± 10% of the observed decrease is attributed to meteorology, and ~40 ± 10% to the reduction in aerosol emissions. © 2021
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Mexico has high number of new cases of Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19 and high rates of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking, that can increase the mortality. The aim was to analyze the evolution of the disease until June 30th, 2020;to know the Cause-Specific Mortality Rate by each state from Mexico and the effect of co-morbidities on mortality for Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19. Methods. An ecological study was designed with public data of National Epidemiological Surveillance System to compare the hospital infrastructure (beds) and Cause-Specific Mortality Rate in each state from Mexico and analyze the effect of co-morbidities in mortality by Coronavirus Infectious Disease.19. It was used t-Student test, Z for two proportions, P-values, and OR, CI95%, and logistic regression . Results. From 509,539 registries, 226,089 (44.37%) were confirmed cases and 27,769 deaths were reported (12.28%). The states with higher mortality were Morelos, Baja California, Chihuahua, Guerrero. There was a lineal relationship between number of beds and cause-specific mortality rate (P<,05). Diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunosuppression, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and obesity shown a stronger effect on mortality by coronavirus disease (OR higher than 2). Asthma shown a protective effect on mortality from coronavirus disease in Mexican population. Conclusion. The spread on coronavirus disease is active in Mexico. The comorbidities had a stronger effect on mortality of Coronavirus disease.
ABSTRACT
With the emergence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection pandemic in China and its spread to other countries, mortality was shown to be high and to a greater extent if there were underlying pathologies. It is said {or an ecological analytical cross-sectional study, of the open records of confirmed and discarded cases for COVID-19 of the General Directorate of Epidemiology of the Secretary of Health of Mexico. A specific mortality of 9.79% is reported;being higher in men between the ages of 20 to 59 and over 60 years. Mortality rates from underlying diseases were higher than those reported in the USA in early May 2020. Asthma was found to be a protective factor for COVID-19 mortality. It is concluded that mortality was higher in the presence of comorbidities. © 2021 Oriental Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Mexico has high number of new cases of Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19 and high rates of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking, that can increase the mortality. The aim was to analyze the evolution of the disease until June 30th, 2020;to know the Cause-Specific Mortality Rate by each state from Mexico and the effect of co-morbidities on mortality for Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19. Methods. An ecological study was designed with public data of National Epidemiological Surveillance System to compare the hospital infrastructure (beds) and Cause-Specific Mortality Rate in each state from Mexico and analyze the effect of co-morbidities in mortality by Coronavirus Infectious Disease.19. It was used t-Student test, Z for two proportions, P-values, and OR, CI95%, and logistic regression.Results. From 509,539 registries, 226,089 (44.37%) were confirmed cases and 27,769 deaths were reported (12.28%). The states with higher mortality were Morelos, Baja California, Chihuahua, Guerrero. There was a lineal relationship between number of beds and cause-specific mortality rate (P<,05). Diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immuno suppression, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and obesity shown a stronger effect on mortality by coronavirus disease (OR higher than 2). Asthma shown a protective effect on mortality from coronavirus disease in Mexican population. Conclusion. The spread on coronavirus disease is active in Mexico. The comorbidities had a stronger effect on mortality of Coronavirus disease. © 2020 This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons license: Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY). Published by Oriental Scientific Publishing Company.
ABSTRACT
Although the incidence is uncertain, some case reports suggest that COVID 19 infection is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We suggest starting prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for all patients hospitalized with a symptomatic infection with COVID-19, unless contraindicated, with enoxaparin 40 mg SC daily if creatinine clearance is greater than 30 ml/min.
ABSTRACT
A review is made of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 and deaths in Mexico as of May 6, 2020, from the public database of the General Directorate of Epidemiology and the National System of Epidemiological Surveillance of the Ministry of Health in Mexico. A descriptive ecological study of confirmed cases and deaths by COVID-19 is designed. 27,634 confirmed cases and 2,704 registered deaths were reviewed. Of the confirmed cases they predominated in men (58.48%) and their distribution by states of Mexico, being more frequent in Mexico City, State of Mexico, Baja California and Tabasco. Deaths are shown by day on which they occurred. It is concluded that the measures of social isolation and quarantine should be reinforced to decrease the number of confirmed cases and deaths related to COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
The aim was to describe the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico until April 16, 2020. The study design was an ecological descriptive study. The place and duration of study were registries of confirmed cases for COVID-19 in Mexican population during February and until April 16, 2020, 13:00 PM, from National System of Epidemiological Surveillance/ General Direction of Epidemiology/ Secretary of Health, Mexico. Material and methods: Accord to database of confirmed cases of COVID-19 by Secretary of Health in Mexico, it was collected data on age, gender, it was included 6,297 registries. Results: The first confirmed case in Mexico was February 20, 2020 and the frequency are arising at the end of February and throughout March. The early confirmed cases were imported cases for travel to USA, Italy, Germany, Spain, France and Singapore. No one travelled to China. Now, there are a lot of confirmed cases infected for contact with a case. Conclusion: The frequency of confirmed cases of COVID-19 are higher and the health authorities in Mexico are waiting that the peak of the epidemiological curve is in early May.